Home Social Media Marketing SocialHub SocialHub Alternatives
SocialHub: Reviews, Testimonials and Expert Opinions
(584)Social Relationship Management Software Tool - SocialHub
Top 51 SocialHub Alternatives
Hopper Instagram marketing
The #1 Instagram Scheduling Tool - HopperHq.com
Hopper Instagram marketing is a Social Media Planning and Analytics platform to plan content for Instagram, Facebook & Twitter. It helps to improve digital and social presence and also improve on ROI. ...
Hopper HQ is a social planning tool with a built-in marketplace of creatives. Source new content on-interest for social, schedule and plan posts & analyze content performance. All Hopper HQ accounts are checked for spam-like behavior.
It is a complete Instagram marketing solution. It supports every major cloud storage product and social network. Edits the images where ever necessary and posts them. Multiple accounts can be managed from a single Hopper HQ account by collaborating with the team and setting permission for each account.
Smhack
SMhack: Social Media Management Software
SMhack is a Social media management software that can be used by Social Media managers from Businesses and Agencies for scheduling, monitoring and publishing social media content. SMhack is used ...
SMhack features include Engage, Publish, Analyze, Competitor tracking, Content Library and White Labelled solution for Agencies and Resellers. The White Labelling feature enables rebranding of the product and hosting it with the brand name, URL, and logo of the business with facility to create tiered pricing for their clients.
SMhack Engage feature provides a Social Inbox for filtering messages by profiles. It supports assigning user roles for teams to collaborate with approvals, reviews and messages that need immediate attention. The Publish feature allows single window publishing of content to multiple channels and scheduling content for later auto-publishing or manual.
Vaizle
Vaizle - Your Social Media Analyst
Vaizle is a social media analytics tool that makes social media analytics simple for brands, agencies, and influencers with actionable insights. It helps to improve digital and social presence and improve efficiency. ...
Vaizle supports social media data to get interpreted into actionable tips for daily use to improve social media performance. It provides daily insights across multiple variables in forms of graphs, charts, numbers, and daily tips. It also helps to improve social media strategy and perform social media competitive analysis and use the insights for the quick response.
Vaizle provides access to the analytics and manage the clients using groups, create custom white-label reports, and check the live preview of reports for a meaningful report by adding notes and comments. It also provides personal social media analysts and gets recommendations and insights to out perform the competitors on social media.
Locowise
Locowise - FOR AGENCIES
Locowise provides social media analytics and reporting for brands and agencies, providing the most in-depth, comprehensive insights across all social media channels. Its tool allows businesses to have a better insight into their social media communities. ...
Locowise platform gives the ability to measure and analyse campaigns, optimise posts for engagement and produce reports on all aspects of social media performance. It identifies the right time for posting content based on analysis of data points of audience members, analysis to improve engagement, sentiment analysis to gauge effectiveness of campaigns and a dashboard to provide insights and reporting .
Locowise features include Social audit, Client Reporting, Campaign analysis and hashtag tracking, Competitor benchmarking, Branded reports and scheduling, New business development, and Predictive and smart metrics.
Viraltag Social Media Marketing Tool
Viraltag - The # 1 Social Media Marketing Tool for Sharing Visuals
Viraltag is a Social Media Marketing tool supporting social networks such as Facebook, Pinterest, Instagram, Twitter, Tumblr and Linkedin. Viraltag provides a single dashboard for managing and ...
Viraltag also provides tools for customizing messages and image dimensions for the different networks. It provides tools for creating and curating visual content, such as integration with Canva for graphics creation, a built in image editor, and more. It also enables recycling of top performing content. Viraltag reports provide insights on best content, best times to post and other details for enabling better performance.
SmarterQueue
SmarterQueue The Powerful All-In-One Social Media Scheduling Tool
SmarterQueue is a Social media scheduling tool to share and pre-schedule posts on social media channels. It helps to improve digital and social presence and improve ROI. SmarterQueue streamlines ...
SmarterQueue features include publishing content curation, evergreen recycling, effortlessly boost engagement, posting Plan, tailored Posts, media library, image search, manage multiple profiles and many more.
SocialOomph
Social Media and Blog Post scheduling
SocialOomph is a social media marketing platform that helps to monitor social media activity and schedules updates on various social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, Tumblr, and LinkedIn. It assists users in managing multiple social accounts simultaneously. It helps to increase sales and revenue and improve digital and social presence. ...
SocialOomph other benefits include managing social posting, and those of the clients, in one account, schedule posts to publish at a specific date and time, bulk upload posts for scheduling or queues, tag posts to easily find and group them, authorize teams to work on selected social profiles and blogs and many more.
Adobe Premiere Pro
Professional Video Editing Software
Adobe Premiere Pro is a video editing software for creating great video content fast with intuitive tools to composite clips, create transitions, and craft the videos of the dreams with ease. It ...
Its features include creating captions automatically, automatically reformatting the videos, take the guesswork out of color, save time with Adobe stock audio, detect edits automatically and many more.
Adobe After Effects
Visual effects and motion graphics software
Adobe After Effects is a visual effects and motion graphics software used in the post-production process of film making, video games and television production. It is used for keying, tracking, compositing, and animation. ...
It helps to roll credits, spin words, twirl titles, Set anything in motion with keyframes or expressions, add exciting effects like changing the scene’s settings and adding a moving object.
Its features include Media replacement in motion graphics templates, Powerful 3D design space, Rotoscoping powered by AI, Easy removal of objects from video clips and more.
Sprinklr Core
SMMS: Social Media Marketing & Management Software | Sprinklr
Sprinklr Core is a Unified platform built with a single architecture for unstructured customer data and built to scale across future modern channels. It can be used by enterprises in industries such as Technology, Telecom, Healthcare, Marketing, Financial Services and more. ...
Sprinklr Core features include Automation Engine, Workflow and Collaboration, Analytics, Listening, Integrations & API, Visualization, Governance and Data Management.
Sprinklr Data Management feature enables collection of disparate data from across the organization and a data engine for unification of structured and unstructured data, unlimited custom fields and a Marketplace.
Sprinklr Listening covers a wide range of social networks and messaging platforms, and news sites, forums, and blogs. It provides AI based analysis and insights on customer preferences and choices across regions. Sprinklr Governance provides role-based permissions, two factor authentication, and SSO integration to control the access to the functions in the platform. It also ensures all content published from the platform is reviewed and approved.
Loomly Social media content management
Loomly: Social Media Calendar
Loomly a Social Media Marketing Platform that empowers marketing teams to collaborate, publish and measure. It helps to Improve digital and social presence and enhance customer relationships. The ...
Loomly allows to plan content ahead of time. Loomly’s Analytics allows to measure the real time posts’ performances once they have been published which helps to identify at a glance which topics and content types the audience is most interested in, and loop the information back into the planning process.
Cincopa
Online Video Platform for Business
Cincopa is an enterprise-grade video management platform to host, manage, search, publish and distribute content. It provides businesses with the advanced capabilities to market, teach and engage through the use of video, images and audio. It is a centralized platform for all media-related needs. ...
It easily uploads videos, images, audio, and documents, organizes the data, manage users and viewing permissions and share or embed them on any website or platform as media portals, video players, slideshows, podcasts, and more. It also provides access to upload, edit, copy, backup, or delete assets from one dashboard anytime required, manages all kinds of media assets, attractive media galleries with custom design and more.
Some of the advanced features and empowering capabilities of Cincopa include video hosting for LMS and Sharepoint for spreading knowledge and measuring learning, video solutions for onboarding, training and internal communication, marketing and communications videos that drive demand and convert viewers while feeding vital analytics to the marketing stack, video solutions for sales that win more deals, seamlessly integrates with any platform using powerful APIs to build workflows and applications and so on.
iMovie
iMovie for Windows and Mac: Turn your videos into movie magic.
iMovie is a video clip editing tool for iOS and macOS. It turns photos and videos into storytelling movies complete with a studio logo and credits roll. iMovie makes it easy to browse through clips and enable creating Hollywood-style trailers and stunning 4k-resolution movies. It allows editing the videos directly from the iPad or iPhone. ...
iMovie offers built-in music, sound effects, and voice over recording that makes it easy for users to create movies that sound as good as it looks. iMovie includes excellent tools for media organization, color grading, speed, green-screen effects, narration, and soundtrack in digital movies.
iMovie features include Studio-Quality Titles, Extra-Special Effects, High-Fidelity Filters, Soundtracks, Simplified, and more. iMovie also boasts some of the best storyboard-based movie-making tools for novices—Trailers and Movies. It's a PCMag Editors' Choice for entry-level video editing.
Flipsnack
Online flipbook maker
Flipsnack is a cloud-based publishing tool that allows to create and upload many different types of publications. It helps to improve internal communication and build brand awareness. It helps to ...
Flipsnack converts PDF to HTML5 to get a fully responsive, mobile-friendly flipping book that works flawlessly on any browser. Its online editor is used to add links and videos, to design layouts and can be shared with the audience through different ways like email and social media and so on.
Grabyo
Cloud-based video production, live clipping for digital, social and OTT platforms
Grabyo is a browser-based live video production suite integrated with multiple social and digital platforms including website and OTT services. It helps to create interactive live broadcasts optimized for mobile audiences, and also creates video clips and highlights from live streams, VOD and archived footage with automated translations, custom graphics, transitions and audio. ...
It produces high-quality broadcasts from anywhere in the world. Generate new revenues and maximize media rights, integrates directly with Facebook, Twitter and YouTube and delivers broadcast-quality content to multiple destinations in the highest fidelity.
Some of its features include collaborative live production in the cloud, remote production and video editing in the cloud, real-time video clipping and live publishing, simplified video editing from a web browser, secure video publishing and distribution and more.
Piktochart
Create Infographics, Presentations, Reports, and Posters.
Piktochart is an all-in-one graphic design maker for creating stunning infographics, presentations, reports, social media graphics, and posters. Piktochart helps to easily turn any text- or data-heavy content into a visual story that the internal and external audience will love. It is used by Marketing, Finance, and HR professionals with the facility to share the brand assets and templates with their teams from a centralized location. ...
Piktochart provides a library of templates for the creation of infographics, presentations and print material such as reports and flyers, with the facility to design interactive charts, animated icons, images, and videos and edit texts with a drag-and-drop editor.
It enables sharing directly with social media accounts or password-protected sharing with clients. Piktochart provides a Piktochart for Teams module that enables bringing together all the brand assets and visual work into one location enabling collaboration with team members.
Slideshare
Share and Discover Knowledge on LinkedIn SlideShare
Slideshare is a content-sharing platform that allows users to upload media presentations and share them on websites or social media profiles. It is designed to help businesses and individuals upload content using various devices, add YouTube videos to presentations and create consistent visual themes across slides. ...
It builds knowledge quickly from concise, well-presented content from top experts. SlideShare provides traffic source data, which allows users to view who came directly to their presentations, search for viewers who click their content link shown in search results across various search engines, such as Bing, Google, Yandex or Yahoo. It lets users manage email notifications using the Account Settings and set email preferences according to individual requirements.
Feedly
Where readers become leaders
Feedly is a Content Aggregator Platform for entrepreneurs and marketers to discover content to accelerate research, marketing and sales It is primarily used to discover, monitor and organize ...
Feedly uses AI, ML and analytics to aggregate and organize content on basis of specific conditions, to research, and understand industry / market trends on their products, service, or their competitors
WeVideo
Online Video Editor for Web, Mobile, Windows & Mac
WeVideo is a powerful and easy to use web-based video content creation platform. The application is crafted to enable users to capture, create, view, and even share movies at high resolutions. It is used to improve brand engagement, launch new products for schools, business, and third-party media. ...
With WeVideo, users can sync, upload and edit content entirely on the web without relying on the restrictions of a local drive. WeVideo offers unlimited use of over 1 million pieces of stock media, including videos, images and music tracks. It can make videos on any device, including Chromebook, Windows, Mac, and mobile.
WeVideo for business, can create powerful videos that drive results. It promotes deeper learning while making it fun and easy for students to express their ideas with creativity and authenticity. WeVideo empowers all students to express their ideas authentically and creatively. WeVideo also provides multiple video editing modes that make it easy to convert ideas into superb movies.
TweetDeck
Social Media dashboard application
Tweetdeck is a social media dashboard application for social media marketing admin teams to manage group of twitter accounts. Tweetdeck primarily helps in organizing and build collections, keep ...
Tweetdeck comes with real-time tracking, organizing and engagement for group of twitter accounts management.
Visme
Best online chart and graph maker
Visme is a data presentation and visualization tool that helps the users in making their content compelling and presentable by transforming it into visually appealing presentations and infographics. It provides solutions for professionals including marketers, educators, executives, and communicators. ...
Visme offers customizable presentation and infographic templates that can be edited by marketers to add video, audio, or record voice inside the editor itself. It can be accessed using any device and enables organizations to design and present content related to projects, initiatives, and programs in both online and offline modes. It creates and manages new projects, allows team managers to organize projects by using a folder tree structure, and also offers control over publishing and display settings and allows presenters to set time frames to advance slides automatically.
Key features include data visualization, templates for projects and documents, offline usability ,integrations with Microsoft Office, content database, graphics and charts, streaming and video support, and more.
Vimeo LiveStream
Broadcast & Watch HD Live Streaming Video Events
Vimeo is a live streaming software solution, usable by agencies, enterprises or individuals for telling their story, making social videos, or for enterprises to use in internal communication and collaboration activities . ...
Vimeo provides unlimited live streaming on the go and instant publishing, enterprises can connect teams across locations and geographies on a common video platform. Privacy options available for securing the videos and providing sharing permissions .
Vimeo features include a HTML5 Video player, live streaming, editing and feedback provision inside the video, embedding tools, graphics and other video enhancement tools.
HeyOrca
Social Scheduling and Approvals Built for Marketing ...
HeyOrca is a social media planning & collaboration solution that enables drafting, approving, scheduling, and publishing social media posts. It can be used by agencies, and other businesses including enterprises and SMBs across the industry. It supports Twitter, Facebook and Linkedin for publishing and covers other social media networks for mock-up posts and notifications. ...
HeyOrca features include Social Media Calendar, Social Media Approval, Client Collaboration, and Social Media Reports.
The Social Media Calendar feature enables planning, collaboration and scheduling of social media content with client friendly approvals, easy content sharing, content scheduling and automatic publishing. The Social Medial Approvals feature enables review of mock-up posts in large numbers with content permissions including for editing, approval in stages with automatic publishing of approved content. HeyOrca enables viewing of social engagement status with its visual analytics tool. Reports including charts, graphs and numbers can be exported to PDF or Excel for sharing with others
Infogram
Create Infographics, Reports and Maps
Infogram is an intuitive visualization tool that can be used in Marketing, Online Publishing, Education and more. It can be deployed in businesses of all sizes across various industries to impress and inform the audience through captivating visuals. ...
Infogram can be used to create charts, graphs, maps and more with its design themes to choose from or customize a theme based on brand with the brand logos, colors and fonts, access to store of images, photos and icons, and an easy drag & drop editor. It facilitates import of data directly using the editor tools, and download of infographics, charts and reports in PNG, PDF or GIF formats into social media.
Infogram features include creation of interactive charts, maps, reports and dashboards. Team collaboration is enabled with secured project sharing using controlled access and privacy settings.
Sendible
Social Media Management Software
Sendible is a Social media management software used for managing multiple brands and customers on Social media through the cycle of planning, collaboration, customer engagement and analytics. It is used by Marketing teams across enterprises or agencies. ...
It is also available on mobile Android and iOS.
Sendible supports integrations with social media networks and blogs and other apps. It provides one common dashboard for monitoring and tracking brands, tools for managing social media processes such as content creation and publishing, scheduling of client posts and campaigns and creating flows using queues.
Sendible also provides collaboration tools for teamwork and content creation which includes assigning, approving and granting of access to team members and clients. Sendible Analytics provides insights from data analysis of social media data. The Listening feature can be used to monitor and respond to client conversations.
Zoho Social
The easiest way to manage your brands on social media
Zoho social is a cloud-based social media management software for marketing teams to manage brands online. It provides rich features to schedule posts, monitor relevant content, collaborate ...
Zoho social comes with best-time predictions, intuitive publishing calendar, multiple listening columns, pre-built reports and social analytics.
Falcon.io (now Brandwatch Social Media Management)
The Platform for Every Kind of Social Media Marketer - Falcon
Falcon.io (now Brandwatch Social Media Management) is a social media marketing tool targeted toward medium and enterprise customers to plan their social media engagements and enhance their customer experience. ...
It helps you publish content across channels with consistent brand quality and approval workflow. It helps you manage all community engagements from one common inbox and plan automated ad campaigns.
It helps you track social media trends, and brand perception and derive sentiment analysis to plan your social media campaigns. It provides your dynamic real-time insights across. It gives a better view of your target audience with individual profile cards built using their social activity and also aggregates audience discussing a particular topic or sharing hashtags for better segmentation for targeted ad campaigns.
Sked Social
The Instagram Scheduler
Sked Social is an all-in-one instagram tool that lets the users visually plan, analyze, and schedule stories and posts on Instagram to get more engagements and better results. It is designed for freelancers, visual marketers, businesses, and agencies in the media and entertainment, retail, fashion, and eCommerce industries. It helps brands automatically schedule, publish and manage content on different social media channels including Instagram, Twitter, Facebook and Google. ...
It offers enterprises and brands the ability to manage multiple Instagram accounts and schedule their Instagram posts without the need of logging into each account separately. It makes accounts highly active with Instagram stories and carousel posts and the user’s regular photo or video posts. Sked Social's scheduling tools help manage multiple social media accounts with a single Sked Social account. It can create demographic reports which can help the users measure the ROI on separate or group posts. Users can figure out from the analytics what is working and what is not. Using the in-app photo editor, the user can access various tools to edit and appeal to the right set of audience with stunning visuals.
Key features include auto-post scheduling, tagging, competitive analysis, content management, and collaboration. Sked Social offers integration with third-party applications such as Zapier and Canva to build custom workflows and utilize editing tools to directly post images on social channels. Sked Social provides mobile apps for Android and iOS so that professionals can work on their campaigns remotely.
Shorthand
Create engaging digital stories for the web | Shorthand
Shorthand is a platform that brands, publishers, non-profits, universities, and others use to create the world's most engaging stories, annual reports, case studies, and other content. It helps to increase engagement, audience loyalty, and click-through rate. ...
Shorthand helps to build stunning, interactive stories for the web without relying on a team of developers. It helps to connect the iconic brands to their audiences, their people and each other by undertaking extreme web innovation to create the leading platform for epic storytelling and collaboration for digital publishing teams.
Some of its features include display title and subtitle text over an image or video, flip through images off to the side as the reader scrolls the text column, transition through a sequence of full-screen images as the reader scrolls display title text over an image or video and many more.
Genially
Online tool for creating interactive and animated content.
Genially is a tool that helps to create all kinds of amazing content and animate any content in just a few clicks, without any programming. It helps in creating content like presentations, infographics, gamification and other content individually or with the team. With Genially, one can add interactivity. It is used in business, education, universities and design. ...
Genially communicates visually and interactively helping in saving time with top designed templates with creative reusable ideas. It also provides a customized and collaborative editor for incredible communication experiences quickly and easily.
Some of its features include unlimited creations, free templates and resources, managing corporate resources, integration with Google analytics, and so on.
engage.social
Engage Social: Next Generation Of Social Share Engage your visitors ...
engage.social a Social Media Marketing Platform is the next generation solution for social sharing. It helps publishers and content producers attract new visitors, build audience engagement, and drive their Social K-factor. It helps to establish thought leadership and scale best practices. ...
engage.social supports with a complete system to reach audiences on social media and make content go viral and authorization is made simple and effective while ensuring security for the company’s social media publishing. It creates a community of followers, understand the audience and discover the top social influencers. engage.social’s app allows to obtain immediate insights with just a click of the app.
Some of its features include efficient content management, smart scheduling, authorization control to decide who gets access to what, content approvals, social influencer leaderboard, track employee advocate performance and plenty more.
TrueNxus
Project Collaboration Software to organize the company all in one place
TrueNxus is a collaboration platform designed for organizations that need to manage projects across teams, business units, as well as intra-department projects and client delivery. It helps to maximize productivity, efficiency, and accountability. TrueNxus helps in organizing the entire company to collaborate, plan, and execute strategic initiatives, programs, and projects all in one place. ...
TrueNxus enables advanced goal setting, automated status reports, interactive Gantt charts, dependency tracking, real-time notifications, and instant messaging, providing all the tools needed for success. Organize the work into groups such as workstreams, or any logical way to categorize a set of tasks. Provides visibility and transparency across time. Drive results with automated project status reports and more.
TrueNxus features include visualizing the project across time, viewing the project plan as a list, Organizing, plan and execute the work in a defined time into projects. Views and reporting to understand the entire project. Manage organizations and ensure everyone has access to the information needed and so on.
Ryver
Team Collaboration software that includes group chat, messaging, video conferencing, task management and workflow automation
Ryver is a Webinar and Conferencing platform for teams to communicate, manage tasks, and automate business processes all in one app. It delivers a new and unique approach that enables companies to become more faster and more flexible in how they collaborate and communicate. It helps to improve internal communications, increase sales and revenue, and improve stakeholder relationships. ...
Ryver makes it easy, simple, and affordable to organize the team’s collaboration. It helps Chat with the team anytime, turn conversations into action, talk with any teammate via voice and video calls, and also provides simplified login (SSO) and strengthen regulatory compliance.
Ryver organizes the team communication with features like custom conversation channels, fully-integrated, Searchable Collaboration Spaces for quick and focused conversations, faster data access, and unlimited collaborations like voice and video calls, file sharing, integrations and many more.
Crowdcast
Live video platform for creators. Connect with audience - whether business maker or coach
Crowdcast is a live video platform that helps to create live shows, Q&As, presentations, online concerts, summits, and much more used by creators, non-profits, startups, and enterprise companies. It helps to acquire customers and grow market share. ...
Crowdcast is a live platform for creators to create events and stream the sessions to additional platforms like Facebook, YouTube, Periscope, to get the most out of every event.
Crowdcast features include the growth of audience with live video Q&As, interviews, summits, webinars, and more, integrate with apps to automate community building, drive leads and conversations, and many more.
PresentationPoint
Best Digital Signage Software - PresentationPoint
PresentationPoint is a digital signage software to create dynamic presentations, for people to save time. It is a massive task to keep all the information current. It helps to increase sales and revenue and improve internal communications. ...
PresentationPoint offers tools like Datapoint to easily updating of the information screens and ensuring current information. It helps in automating the reporting presentations so that each time when opened the latest information is automatically updated. PresentationPoint is fully integrated with Microsoft PowerPoint to easily create or edit a PowerPoint slide to work with their products.
PresentationPoint features include saving money and employee time by automating the reporting process, display live calendar events on digital signage at attractions and events, create real-time data-driven presentations in PowerPoint, share key performance indicators (KPI) dashboards on production floors, meeting rooms and more.
Paperless Post
Online invitations, cards and flyers - Paperless Post
Paperless Post is an online event invitation service designed to offer a social stationery invitation. It helps people to gather more easily, enhance customer relationships, improve digital and social presence. ...
Paperless Post focuses on design-driven online and printed stationery, including greetings, invitations, birth announcements, wedding suites, custom stationery, and all the moments that matter. It sends customized, personalized invitations and share announcements over the internet, enabling users to invite friends and family from distance apart.
Paperless Post features include designing a free or premium invitation that is perfect for the event by choosing from a wide selection of modern or classic designs and customize with their photo or logo. Easily auto-populate the invitation’s event details with date, time, and location, letting guests click from the invitation right to the event. Create or import a guest list, track who has opened the invitation. Increase engagement and ticket sales for your event with custom, digital invitations from Paperless Post.
Haiku Deck
Presentation Software and Online Presentation ...
Haiku Deck is the simplest way to make an amazing web, iPad, or iPhone presentation that can be easily projected, shared, posted, embedded on a website or blog, or viewed on any web-enabled device. It also allows for the message to be simplified, images to be used to increase emotional impact, and formatting to be kept clean and consistent. ...
Haiku Deck offers professionally designed layouts and themes that ensure everything looks great right away. Improves learning by assisting students in simplifying their message and clearly presenting data. Access to over 40 million Creative Commons licensed images is available, and attribution is automatically imported.
Some of its features are unlimited presentation creation, access to 40M+ royalty-free images, professionally designed themes and layouts, works across computer, iPad, and iPhone, advanced privacy control and so on.
Social Warfare
Your Ultimate Social Sharing Arsenal
3.88 ★
Social Warfare
Social Warfare is a social media plugin that provides a solution for showing social share buttons on a WordPress blog. Social Warfare gets more social media shares that lead to more website ...
It uses the social network API endpoints to ensure that the most accurate share counts are always displayed. Social Warfare’s popular posts widget allows to display and customize the look with Post thumbnail images, Image and text size, Custom visual themes, Custom date range.